Volume 17 – Issue 4

In this paper, we introduce the intuitionistic fuzzy bi ideals in Γ-near-rings and investigate some of their related properties.

This paper deals with the evaluation of the fractional integrals involving Saigo- Maeda operators of the product of the general class of polynomials and the H-function containing the factorx^λ(c^k+c^k)^-ρ in its argument. Some interesting special cases are derived. The results given by Saigo and Raina [6] and Chaurasia and Gupta [2] follow as special cases of the results proved in this paper.

The aim of this paper is to present some applications of several new Youngtype inequalities given by Alzer, H., Fonseca, C. M. and Kovacec, A., for positive invertible operators on Hilbert spaces. Also will be presented an application of some refinements of Young’s inequality given by Dragomir S. S., for positive definite matrices using their eigenvalues.

Many mathematical models are contributed to give rise to of linear and nonlinear integral equations. This paper deals with the application of coupling of Laplace transform with decomposition method to solve analytically various nonlinear singular integral equations that described heat transfer. The elegant coupling gives rise to the modified versions of decomposition method which is very efficient in solving nonlinear problems of diversified nature of handling the Abel-type singular equation. It is observed that the decomposition method using Laplace transform is very efficient, easier to implements and more users friendly. Several examples are given to reconfirm the efficiency of the proposed method.

The decomposition of annihilator polynomials for linear maps or for the matrices of product of two coprime polynomials gives a decomposition of the spectrum as a direct sum of two subspaces with annihilator polynomials of smaller degree.

In this paper, we analyzed the problem of finding a surfaces family through a given some special Smarandache curves in Euclidean 3-space. Using the Frenet frame of the curve in Euclidean 3-space, we constructed a differential equation system such that a given Smarandache curves satisfy both the geodesic and isoparametric requirements. The extension to ruled surfaces is also outlined. Finally, we demonstrated some interesting surfaces about subject.

t. Let R be a ring and M be a left R −module. M is called cofinitely generalized weak supplemented (or briefly CGWS-module) if every cofinite submodule of M has a generalized weak supplement in M . In this paper, we give various properties of that kind of modules. It is shown that (1) A module M is CGWS-module if and only if every maximal submodule has a generalized weak supplement in M . (2) The class of cofinitely generalized weak supplemented modules are closed under taking homomorphic images, arbitrary sums, generalized covers and short exact sequences. (3) A ring R is semilocal if and only if every left R −module is a CGWS-module.(4) A commutative domain R is hsemilocal if and only if every torsion R −module is cofinitely generalized weak supplemented

In this paper, we should utilize the concepts of 𝑁α-closed and 𝑁𝑠α-closed sets to define some new types of weakly nano closed functions such as; 𝑁α-closed functions, 𝑁α*-closed functions, 𝑁α**-closed functions, 𝑁𝑠α-closed functions, 𝑁𝑠α*-closed functions and 𝑁𝑠α**-closed functions. Also, we should explain the relationships between these types of weakly nano closed functions and the concepts of nano closed functions. Furthermore, we should prove some theorems, properties and remarks.

The present paper focuses on the study of non-invariant hypersurfaces of nearly Sasakian manifold with semi-symmetric non-metric connection equipped with – structure. Firstly, some properties of this structure are obtained. Further, the second fundamental forms of non-invariant hypersurfaces of nearly Sasakian manifold with semisymmetric non-metric connection has been traced under the condition when is parallel. The necessary and sufficient conditions also have been obtained for totally umbilical noninvariant hypersurfaces of nearly Sasakian manifold with semi-symmetric non-metric connection with structure of nearly Sasakian manifold to be totally geodesic.

In this paper, we study spherical elastic curves corresponding spherical indicatrix of regular curves with non-vanishing curvature in Euclidean 3-space. From classical variational problem of elastic curves, we derive two Euler-Lagrange equations associated to actions of bending energy functional defined on tangent spherical indicatrix of curves in Euclidean 3-space. We show that the solution of the equation system obtaining with respect to curvature and torsion of the curve corresponds to general helix which is often studied in geometry and we arrange a classification expressing curves whose tangent spherical indicatrix are elastic curve. Finally, we make similar calculations for curves whose principal normal and binormal spherical indicatrix are elastic and we give an example for tangent spherical indicatrix elastic curves.

In this study, we defined graph energy of a directed graph and we obtained a new formula using cycle and chains for directed graphs.

We study Kirchhoff elastic rod whose centerlines are non-null curves in the Minkowski 3−space. In particular, we obtain the differential equation describing non-null Kirchhoff elastic rod centerlines. Afterwards, we solve this differential equation in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions for three different cases.

In this work, we research geometrical interpretation involved with the energy on Lie groups. We explore the geometric properties of spherical graphics by way of energy. We apply totally diverse discussion and approach to illustrate bending energy functional for slant helix. Moreover, we have an original and satisfactorily association among energy of the curve in Lie groups

Electronic commerce refers to the aspects of online business that involve exchanges between customers, business partners and suppliers. Electronic commerce has increased the speed and ease with which businesses can be traded today, leading to intense competition between businesses. The companies are located at intersections with only two visions before them-either online, or go out of business. Once the choice is made, business online there have other blockings encountered: Which business model to adopt; What management strategies and tactics will bring success? How to explore opportunities and to understand the limitations and problems? The solution is to give a deeper perspective on the eCommerce strategies. The option for electronic commerce involves the development and implementation of information architecture inter-organizational based on the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and in particular to internet technology in the processes of realization of commercial transactions, but also taking into account the changes they induce in enterprises. This paper discusses the phenomenon of electronic commerce as a solution for increasing sales in Dedeman Company, the largest marketer of do-it-yourself articles from Romania.

Social dysfunctions are appearing inevitably in any organization, but if they are continuously monitored and controlled by the human resources specialists and managers, then these specialists may correct the gap between the obtained results and the proposed performance. To make these corrections are necessary some simulation techniques. In this article we propose to forecast social dysfunctions by diminishing these gaps or eliminate them using simulation and mathematical modeling based on prediction (Markov chains) and on use of IT programs (MATLAB and Excel).

Present paper consists of a qualitative research on firm financial indicators. Firms included in our sample are Romanian firms within tourism sector. By using information gathered from financial statements, we performed a principal components analysis for a number of eight financial indicators. These financial indicators were: turnover growth rate, liquidity, solvency, return on assets, turnover gross margin, leverage, return on equity and debt. The aim was to select most relevant indicators which best reflect financial performance. Three aggregate financial indicators were extracted, which were further used for calculation of firm financial performance.

To establish the ability of Infineum SV 260 and Paratone 8900 copolymers solutions in SAE 10W mineral oil as solvent to perform at low and high temperatures in a vehicle’s engine, that is their capacity to improve the oil viscosity index, the viscositytemperature characteristics of their 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 and 5 % solutions were determined. The kinematic viscosities of the mineral oil SAE 10W and concentrated copolymer Infineum SV 260 and Paratone 8900 solutions were determined using a set of Schott Ubbelohde-type viscometers selected according to the values of their constants and viscosities of solutions, so that the margins of the uncertainty, inherent in the Hagebach-Couette correction, does not exceed the error allowed for the measurements. It was obtained that the both copolymer increase very much the viscosity index, as much as their concentration is higher. Infineum SV 260 produces a lower increase of viscosity indices comparative with Paratone 8900: 3.13 times for a concentration of 3%, 4.21 times for 3.5%, 4.42 times for 4%, 4.57 times for 4.5% and 4.71 times for 5% compared with 4.38, 4.7, 4.86, 5.18 and 5.33 times, respectively. The values of the viscosity-temperature coefficients, calculated from the kinematic viscosities of solutions at 40 and 100o C, show also that Paratone 8900 is a better viscosity index improver than Infineum SV 260 irrespective of concentration.

Results obtained showed that some essential manufacturing factors needs to be respected throughout the production loop. These factors will help obtaining a slurry exits with the desired chemical characteristics of P2O5SE (33%), Al (10%), P2O5SE+Citrate (34.5%), H2O (22%), P2O5total (39%)). It is necessary to keep a temperature within 100 ± 5 ° C., with a vapor pressure of 6 to 7 bars, an average density of H3PO4 (1470 g/L) and the solid rate in the feed acid less than 2%. After the reaction phase, the slurry is conveyed to the granulator where it is mixed with the recycled product at a recycling rate (RT) close to 3 and a K ratio between 0.1 and 0.2. This parameter is very important to be monitored to ensure a Good penetration of heat into the next phase in a relatively short time. During the drying process, the product humidity at the outlet must be in the range of 3.5% to 5% to allow the reaction to continue during the developing period. At the exit of the drying tube, the product is in very variable grains diameter (D), the objective of the following step is to extract the grain size range between 2 and 4 mm. To do so we changed the mesh size of the lower webs to 3/50 and 3.2 / 30 mm, which reduces the quantity of particle size less than 2%. Thus, the particles of diameter more than 3.15 mm must be continuously controlled to reach 64%. This portion will ensure conformity of the product for D50 and for the two intervals [2 – 3.15 mm] and [3.15 – 4 mm]. In the Storage Hall the reaction continues, the unconverted phosphate will be attacked by the unreacted H3PO4, and according to a monitoring of the evolution of the chemical composition of the final product (TSP). The required ripening time is limited to 21 days.

The aim of this work is to study the mineral content of Lavandula Angustifolia flowers and Hippophae Rhamnoides fruits extracts. The influence of the extraction techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction and rapid extraction under pressure with different extraction solvents) on the mineral content was investigated. The minerals determined were Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn. The results of the mineral analysis showed that the extracts obtained by the ultrasound-assisted extraction technique had the highest concentration of Mg (2895.23±9.14 µg/g; 2098.29±9.56 µg/g), no matter what the type of extraction solvent is. Also, the extracts obtained by rapid extraction under pressure had the highest concentration of Zn (14.09±0.50 µg/g; 18.59±0.60 µg/g) and Cr (1.32±0.15 µg/g; 1.96±0.05 µg/g), no matter what the type of extraction solvent is. For other minerals, the concentration depends on the extraction methods and on the extraction solvents.

The Black Sea offers multiple capitalization possibilities for the medical and pharmaceutical field. The harness of marine bioresources for obtaining pharmaceuticals products have been highlighted in recent times. For the first time, the collagen from Grey Mullet fish has been extracted from the Black Sea. Acid soluble collagen (ASC) from the skin wastes of Grey Mullet from the Black Sea was successfully isolated and characterized as type I collagen. For collagen extraction, the acid method with acetic acid 0.5M showed better results than those using HCl 0.1M. Various physico-chemical determinations have been performed to characterize the collagen. For obtaining structural data FTIR and UV-DC spectral analyses have been used. In conclusion, we can say that the collagen hydrogel obtained from fish skin can be used to obtain biomaterials for pharmaceutical field use.

The effect of the simultaneous presence of lead and magnesium in hydroponic culture on the growth of Salix alba offshoots was studied. Present study used biological material collected from area of Targoviste city, specifically from the bank of the Ialomita River. Willow offshoots, having the same number of internodes and same diameter, were collected. The hydroponic cultures were made with three water types as hydroponic substrate, tap water, flowing water and water, lead and magnesium being added in gravimetric ratios of 0.01%, 0.1% and 0.5% (w / w). Experiments were mounted so that each glass with a certain composition of hydroponic culture held three willow offshoots in the same conditions; environmental parameters (temperature and relative humidity %) were continuously monitored; sampling procedure was followed for further analytical investigations. As a general conclusion, there was a smaller number of leaves and roots when concentration of lead and magnesium was 0.5%. The type of water had an important influence on the development of Salix alba offshoots during experiments. Guaiacol peroxidase activity was experimentally determined at the end of the fourth day of willow monitoring. This time was considered enough for the hydroponic system to reach equilibrium. The graphical representation of guaiacol peroxidase activity shows the same pattern with a small difference when tap water was used as solvent. At the end of experiment, solid material (roots and leaves separately sampled) was dried at 60°C some hours and then digested in a mixture of oxygenated water (H2O2 30%) and nitric acid (HNO3 67%). Liquid homogeneous samples obtained were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), concentrations of zinc, cadmium, and selenium was determined. Thus, presence of significant quantities of magnesium and lead was tested for the influence on levels of cations with different reactivity reactivity, as zinc, cadmium and selenium.

A healthy diet is the easiest way to protect the individual’s health, having a series of benefits which starts from ensuring the whole needed palette of nutrients for the body and ends with relieving the symptoms of diseases, such as diabetes or hypertension. In this respect, it is important to train the children to eat healthy foods, the schools playing a very important role in the education and promotion of healthy eating among young students. One of the projects – coordinated by Valahia University Targoviste – that proposed training activities for teachers and learning activities for students, having as central target developing healthy and sustainable habits which must be acquired by young students related to healthy eating, is the Erasmus+ project entitled: “EduForHealth – Let’s make it better! Raising the awareness of the triad nutrition – health – food safety in school education”. In the frame of the abovementioned project, an accredited continuous professional development program was organized, being oriented on topics (learning units) concerning Food Science, divided so that – one the one hand – to provide to learners, regardless of their level of education, an extensive coverage of the area, and – on the other hand -, to fulfill the teachers’ expectation and needs, as it was concluded during the first project activity focused on analyzing the curricula related to Nutrition, Health and Food Safety. The activities were designed from theoretical and practical point of view, having in mind that the experiential learning is meaningful, and, at the same time, there can be developed long time skills for the actors involved in the educational process. The paper underlines the results of a case study designed to identify the conditions that influenced the implementation of the learning units in the classroom, taking into account both educational levels: primary and secondary.

The present paper discusses the dielectric properties of insecticide treated and untreated rice seeds. The study revels that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss the both, treated and untreated rice seeds show similar behaviour except the noticeable change in dielectric constant and dielectric loss values of insecticide treated rice seeds. The effect of moisture on these properties has also been studied and it has been found that the moisture content largely affects these properties. For dielectric measurement impedance gain phase analyser HP 4194 A was used and for maintaining the temperature of these samples constant, a micro controller based temperature controller, Julabo F 25 was used.

In the present paper, we have discussed the optical properties of a single cold plasma layer with varying applied static magnetic field; here the electric permittivity of the cold plasma (intrinsic) is dependent on the applied magnetic field. The gyro frequency of such plasma is related to the applied magnetic field. The applied magnetic field affects the refractive index of the plasma for certain incident frequencies and we have obtained negative value of the real part of the permittivity (ε′) when the value of imaginary part of the permittivity (ε″) becomes maximum for a particular incident frequency. Our observations revealed that a single layer of the cold plasma may be used as a perfect reflector and transmitter for certain values of the applied magnetic field and frequency. It is found that the static magnetic field acts as a controlling factor for optical behaviour of the cold plasma layer and this analysis can be useful for several photonic applications, including optical mirrors, transmitters, and sensors.

The materials used to manufacture prosthetic components must meet the conditions of biocompatibility imposed by the human body, to be mechanically resistant, to present a good resistance to corrosion, to be resistant to aging process and not to generate flows of attrition particles. This paper aims the selection and analising of some biocompatible metallic materials (the austenitic stainless steel and titanium alloys). Thus, various prosthetic elements made by rapid prototyping (RP) technologies from Ti6Al4V alloys obtained using laser selective melting (SLS Technology) have a major advantage in the special geometric form for medicine, creating a personalized implant for each patient and with superior properties on the quality of the material used. Studies in recent years have led to the conclusion that the biocompatibility of an implant depends on many factors such as: the general health status of the patient, age, tissue permeability, immunological factors, but also the implant characteristics (roughness and porosity of the material, chemical composition, corrosion properties, toxicity, etc.). For this reason, samples of 316L stainless steel and Ti6Al4V titanium alloy were analyzed

This paperwork represents a mathematical calculus method for deriving the RMS value of an analog signal which has a DC offset. The analog signal is generated either by a current transformer based sensor or a voltage transformer based one, which is used for an off-grid household power consumption monitoring system. The received analog signal values are converted by the microcontroller’s ADC into digital values. Based on a mathematical modelling of the signal, an algorithm is thus developed to be uploaded into a microcontroller based embedded device, which further converts the digital values into comprehensive numerical values about the measured power consumption.

Today there is a significant increase in chronic diseases, of which infarct / pre-infarct is more and more present among the population and has serious consequences. For this reason, it is a permanent research theme for those involved in cardiology, especially as this type of disease is chronic and should be monitored periodically and kept under observation. Methods, systems for monitoring patients with such diseases require time and a great deal of human and financial effort. Patient monitoring systems, especially nonhospitalized, are becoming increasingly used and can provide a solution to problems that arise among the population, especially among the elderly. These systems have the advantage of real-time transmission of vital parameters and, when necessary, effective treatment and rapid medical intervention, reducing health care costs [1]. Preventing and observing these types of illness requires monitoring of vital parameters such as blood pressure (TA), heart rate (Pulse), blood oxygen concentration (SpO2), etc. The article proposes both the analysis and simulation of the functioning of a vital parameter monitoring system and the modeling of its electrical characteristics based on a complete set of measurements. The data acquisition system is designed to determine output voltage, current and power consumed with great accuracy. A Matlab application is generated to determine the approximate polynomials of the measured magnitudes and the calculated errors prove the precision of the proposed method. The time limitation of the nominal operation of this system due to the circuit’s battery is also taken into account.