Mathematics
Chemistry
Physics
Mathematics
In this paper, in complete metric spaces, we introduce random F-contraction and random F-weak contraction benefiting from the Wardowski and Van Dung’s work. Later, we prove some random fixed point theorems in complete metric spaces. We also give some examples to support our results
Inextensible flows of curves plays an important role in practical applications. We construct a new method for inextensible flows of dual curves in dual space D^3 . In this paper, we study inextensible flows of dual curves according to Blaschke frame in dual space. D^3 The concepts with the inextensible flows are analyzed by using Blaschke frame.
The main goal of this paper using the Bishop frame and the Frenet-Serret frame vectors of the given space curve with the constant support function, some characteristic properties of the pedal curve of its are investigated. Finally, we present one example to confirm our claim.
The purpose of this paper is to show use of modified variational iteration technique for understanding fuzzy integro-differential equations. Illuminating integro differential equations with correct parameter inside numerous displaying physical issues isn’t exactly simple or better to state unthinkable in genuine issues. To defeat this trouble fuzzy idea is utilized. Generally it’s hard to comprehend nonlinear fuzzy IDEs numerically.
In this paper, we introduce the modified generalized Fibonacci and Lucas quaternions. We present the generating functions, the Binet formulas and some significant identities for these quaternions. Also, we give the matrix representations of the modified generalized Fibonacci and modified generalized Lucas quaternions.
In this paper, we have studied on adapting to asymmetric cryptography power Fibonacci sequence module m . To do this, we have restructured generalized discrete logarithm problem which is one of mathematical difficult problems and generalized ElGamal cryptosystem which is based on this problem by using power Fibonacci sequence module m . Then by means of these sequences, we have made a new and different application of generalized ElGamal cryptosystem by using composite modules. Lastly, we have compared that ElGamal Cryptosystem and a new application of generalized ElGamal cryptosystem which we made in terms of cryptography and we have obtained that the application of generalized ElGamal cryptosystem we restructured by using power Fibonacci sequence module m is more advantageous than ElGamal cryptosystem for m is selected most appropriately large.
In 2007, M. Sengönül defined the notion of zweier sequence spaces Z and Z_0 consisting of the sequences that are convergent and null convergent respectively. Lately motivated by the above two concepts, Vakeel A. Khan and Nazneen [1] proposed the zweier I – convergent sequence spaces. In 2013, Nabanita Konwar and Pradip Debnath [2] introduced the I_λ – convergent sequences in intutionstic fuzzy n – normed space (IFnNS). In this paper, we introduce a new type of sequence spaces denoted as Z_[(µ,v)n]^[I_λ], Z_[0(µ,v)n]^[I_λ], Z_[∞(µ,v)n]^[I_λ]and which are zweier I – convergent sequences over IFnNS. In addition, we studied the algebraic and topological properties of these spaces and certain inclusion relations.
In this paper, we suggest and analyze a new third order convergence iterative method free from second derivative and use for solving of nonlinear equation f(x)=0. This method based on Halley’s method using predictor and corrector technique. The convergence analysis of our method is discussed. This technique can be used to suggest a wide class of new iterative methods for solving a system of nonlinear equations and gives better result.
In order to estimate model parameters in multiple regression models, resampling methods of bootstrap and jackknife are used. Resampling methods are used as an alternative readjustment method to the least squares method (OLS) especially when assumptions belonging to error term in regression analysis are not met. Data used in the study are taken from 25 advertisements in Sahibinden.com website and the price of beetle car brand is accepted as dependent variable for multiple linear regression models. It is aimed that price variable taken is tried to be explained with the help of variables of fuel, case type, salesman, sunroof, wind shield, upholstery, age and engine size. When we examined the variables, it is seen that categorical variables are in question and dummy variable must be used. Firstly, model parameters of this obtained data are estimated using OLS and significances of parameters are tested, then, model parameters, significances of estimated parameters, coefficient of determination, and standard error of the model and % 90 confidence intervals are estimated using one of the resampling methods, bootstrap and jackknife method and results belonging to these three methods are compared. Also, generalization condition, which is to the population, of parameter estimation results belonging to explanatory variables used in this study are reviewed with the help of jackknife resampling method ve It has been seen that the salesman and upholstery independent variables have a considerable effect at a significance level of .10 on the dependent variable of price dependence of decision making (p < .10) and Jackknife have confirmed these generalization.
The trajectory of a robot end effector is described by a ruled surface and a spin angle about the ruling of the ruled surface. In this paper, we analyzed the problem of describing trajectory of a robot end-effector by a spacelike ruled surface with spacelike ruling. We obtained the developed frame {t^1, r^1, k^1} by rotating the generator frame {r, t, k} at an Darboux angle θ = θ(s) ]n the plane {r, k}, which is on the striction curve β of the spacelike ruled surface X . Afterword, natural frame, tool frame and surface frame which is necessary for the movements of robot are defined derivative formulas of the frames are founded by calculating the Darboux vectors. Tool frame {O, A, N} are constituted by means of this developed frame. Thus, robot end effector motion is defined for the spacelike ruled surface φ generated by the orientation vector t^1 =O. Also, by using Lancret curvature of the surface and rotation angle (Darboux angle) in the developed frame the robot end-effector motion is developed. Therefore, differential properties and movements an different surfaces in Minkowski space is analyzed by getting the relations for curvature functions which are characterized a spacelike ruled surface with spacelike directix. Finally, to be able to get a member of trajectory surface family which has the same trajectory curve is shown with the examples in every different choice of the Darboux angle which is used to described the developed frame.
In the present research article, we described a numerical method for the solution of third order two-point boundary value problems in partial differential equations. We outlined the derivation and the order of the method. In the numerical section we considered model problems and solved those problems by the propose method to illustrate the performance in term of the efficiency and accuracy.
The present paper is influenced by the work of Khan and Ghayasuddin see [1]. In this paper, first we derive two generalized integrals involving the product of n Bessel functions by employing the result of Lavoie and Trottier see [2] and then we obtain a set of several new integral formulae as special cases of our main results.
The current economic entity focused on minimizing costs and maximizing profits faces hidden costs that have a negative impact on economic performance. Hidden Costs can be generated by malfunctions, such as absenteeism, staff rotation, productivity deviations, non-quality, and work-related accidents are commonplace. In this article it is concentraded to identificated the hidden costs generated by the personnel fluctuation. Scientific research emphasizes that these hidden costs can be identified and quantified through mathematical estimations by algorithms. Thus, it will start from the distribution of direct productive staff, the distribution of employee’s matrix and the percentage fluctuation matrix in order to determine the movements caused by these departures over a year.
Chemistry
In the present study, a comprehensive investigation has been undertaken into an Egyptian Coptic fresco dating to the 4^th century and painted by Saint Jeremiah . It was initially located in saint Jeremiah monastery in Saqqara, in Egypt and currently it is found at the National Museum of Egyptian civilization – Fostat city – Cairo.The analytical instruments used for investigation were optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy , X-ray Florescence , X- ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared coupled with attenuated total reflectance “FTIR-ATR”. The analysis revealed that the pigments used in this fresco were hematite, goethite and malachite. The ancient ground layer comprises calcium carbonate with silicon dioxide and the added modern ground layer comprises calcium sulphate dihydrate admixed with animal glue .
Abdel Rahman Katkhada Sibile was built of limestone, with ceiling of wood panels decorated with plant and geometric units with different colors. Blue color was of papagonite, red color was vermillion (HgS), white color was Barite (BaSO_4)and gold color was gold foil. This paint layer was carried out on gesso layer of calcite and animal glue. Calcite contained clay minerals and phosphorus as an indicator to its marine origin. Both gesso layer and paint layer were carried out onto wooden plates of Pinus.
The antibacterial activity for a series 14 of benzimidazole derivatives was correlated with the structural descriptors, like the molecular shape descriptor, the energy descriptor (ΔE = E_LUMO – E_HOMO), the information descriptors E and T and the fingerprint descriptors for molecular quantum states OMO/UMO. These descriptors have a greater or smaller contribution to the formation of the biological response corresponding to the studied compounds. With the help of the OMO/UMO fingerprint descriptors, information can be obtained on how molecules in the class interact with the active site of Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Of the atomic species existing in the studied benzimidazole derivatives, most contribute to the formation of biological activity exclusively in the electronoccupied molecular states (H, N and X).
The aim of this study is to explore in-depth microstructural changes induced by Plasma Electrolytic Saturation nitriding and carburizing treatments applied to the AISI 304L steel. The obtained structures were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, Metallography, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Small Angle Neutron Scattering; an assessment of the results is presented.
Biodegradable oils are at present a powerful performance in the field of lubrication of machinery and machines that work predominantly under conditions that make it possible to pollute the environment. This refers to machinery and equipment in agriculture, construction industry, marine, forestry, printing, drilling, railways, automotive, and food industries, where environmental pollution is reduced as a result of losses of lubricants on soil or water. Viscosity, shear stress, shear rate, yield value, plastic, pseudoplastic and thixotropic models, viscometer and rheometer types are the major issues discussed in rheology. This article proposes several dependency of dynamic viscosity with shear rate. Rheological characteristics of vegetable oils were measured with rotational co-axial cylinder rheometer at different temperatures of 40-90°C.
Chemical compounds from plant extracts offer unlimited opportunities as cosmetic additives due to their availability and chemical diversity. Increasing demand for chemical compounds from different classes made the plant extracts, edible plant extracts in particular, useful for cosmetic products. The profile of bioactive compounds contained by the so-called natural cosmetic products may be different according to the characteristics of the plant extracts used in their fabrication processes. The study proposes a comparative analysis of several characteristics of grape extracts obtained by solid-liquid extraction, using water as solvent, with and without ultrasonation. Extracts obtained from four red grape varieties harvested at maturity from two types of vineyards, ecological and traditional, were analyzed. Total flavonoid contents, pH and conductivity were measured; correlations of these properties with extraction method, grape variety and vineyard type were envisaged as well. It was concluded that slight differences may occur in extracts aciditiy and conductivity of studied red grape extracts, as well as in the total flavonoids contents, and that the use of the ultrasound power during the applied extraction procedures does not have a significant influence. The vineyards type however showed some influence on the studied extracts properties.
Physics
The exponential growth is often used to model population growth as such cell growth while the exponential decay is often to a model population with declining or decreases in size. Fuzzy regression has demonstrated its ability to model bacteria growth process in which the processes have fuzziness and the number of experimental data sets for modeling them is limited. In this manuscript, we try to expand the presentation of exponential growth by adding some improvement method which adding bootstrap and the fuzzy technique. The aim of the study is to estimate the fuzzy and bootstrap parameters of the models The gathered data were compared by measuring the average width of the predicted interval using the least squares method and fuzzy method. The result shows that the average width of the predicted interval using method least square was 0.5116 while fuzzy method was 0.0234. The fuzzy linear regression model was applied mathematical programming had better result compared to method of Least Square (LS).
The study on boundary layer in flow of non-Newtonian Casson fluid over an exponentially stretching surface in presence of suction effect is carried out. The leading partial differential equations are converted in to ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations. The resulting equations are solved with boundary conditions by fourth order Runge –Kutta method using Matlab software. The values of the velocity ratio parameter are assorted to study the effect of this on the thickness of velocity and thermal boundary respectively in presence of suction with variation in different parameters like Prandtle number, Magnetic parameter ,Casson parameter. Temperature gradient Profiles are plotted by varying the values of Parameter (λ), Prandtle number (Pr) and discussed.
We determined experimentally the electron interaction parameters like stopping cross section, mass stopping power and effective atomic number of normal and cancerous – solid and fluid tissues by taking their composition from ICRU-44. The mass stopping power is determined using 137^Cs and 207^Bi internal conversion electrons and Si (Li) detector coupled to an 8K multichannel analyzer as the spectrometer to record the incident and transmitted spectra. The effective atomic numbers of these tissue samples for the relativistic electron interactions are determined by substituting the measured mass stopping power in the semi empirical relation between the mass stopping power and atomic number obtained by plotting the mass stopping power of organic elements against their atomic number. Our experimental results are compared with the theoretical values computed using direct method and found to agree within ±3%. The effective atomic number of the tissues for both electron and photon interactions are observed to be more under cancerous conditions than the normal, paving a way for unambiguous diagnosis of cancer.
In present paper, combined density of states, Debye temperature and elastic property of RbF have been theoretically studied using the lattice dynamics with the help of existing experimental data. The present model is incorporated in a framework of van der Waals three-body force shell model (VTBFSM) for RbF, based on the many-body interactions from the charge transfer mechanisms & electron-shell deformation. VTBFSM includes (TBI) three-body interactions and (VWI) van der Waals interactions in the framework of both (IPRSM) ion polarizable rigid shell model including next-nearest neighbour interaction approach with both polarizable ions. The merit of this model has been verified by an in-depth comparison of theoretical and experimental results.
HD-OCT (high definition optical coherence tomography) is a promising non-invasive imaging tool with demonstrated utility in the in vivo accurate diagnosis of skin cancers but with slightly reduced applicability in other skin pathology, such as inflammatory or chronic connective tissue diseases. This technique can deliver high- resolution images of the skin layers similar with the histological aspect. The present study sought to detect and describe typical features regarding the pathological micro architectural pattern of localized scleroderma using HD- OCT and to see the utility in monitoring non-invasively the effects of first line treatments over relatively short period of time in this specific disease.
The influence of electric field generated by electrical substation and overhead transmission lines represents a thematic of real interest in the domain of transport and distribution of power energy, because it is possible to have an impact on the human body. This paper presents an analogy between measurements and numerical computation of electric field inside of a high voltage 110/20 kV power substation. Measurements that define the behavior of the electric field are analyzed using the ANSYS Multiphysics software package. The article includes electric field measurements in outdoor high voltage 110/20 kV power substation of Targoviste-Aninoasa area. Firstly, a description of the equipment in the openair type substation, together with the methodology of the electric field measurements in these power stations is discussed. In the second part of the paper there is a numerical modeling of the electric field near the power transformer at the power station. The measured values of electric field were compared with the international standards regarding of safe limits for personnel exposure.